Rockingham is a town in Windham County, in the Southern Vermont region, along the Connecticut River. Rockingham includes the incorporated villages of Bellows Falls and Saxtons River. There is no formal town center, and the town offices & Public Library are located in the village of Bellows Falls.

The town was named for a relative of Benning Wentworth, Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquis of Rockingham. Charles is noted for having secured the repeal of the Stamp Act, and for proposing that the American Colonies be granted their independence.

Some notable people from Rockingham include: John S. Barry, governor of Michigan; Henry Adams Bellows, lawyer, state legislator & jurist; Jonathan Blanchard, president of Wheaton College; Selim Peabody, educator; Shadrach Roundy, religious leader; and Henry Franklin Severens, judge.